PSOC™ 6 MCU: XENSIV™ Audio Shield four-channel microphone

This code example demonstrates the usage of Infineon's XENSIV™ Audio Shield to connect up to 4 analog or digital microphones to a PC via USB. It is designed to evaluate the performance of XENSIV™ MEMS microphones in array applications and serves as a foundation for advanced audio processing use cases, such as beamforming and direction-of-arrival estimation. Host systems can use the device as a multi-channel audio input for development in environments such as MATLAB, Python, and others.

It offers a reference implementation for audio data acquisition, processing, and USB streaming using I2S and DMA, facilitating rapid prototyping and extension for advanced audio applications. The project is intended for research, prototyping, and product development in embedded audio and acoustics.

View this README on GitHub.

Provide feedback on this code example.

Requirements

ModusToolbox™ v3.5 or later (tested with v3.5)
Board support package (BSP) minimum required version: 4.0.0
Programming language: C
XENSIV™ Audioshield (available soon)
4 analog or 4 digital IFX XENSIV MEMS microphones on flex, such as:
- KIT-IM72D128V01-FLEX
- KIT-IM73A135V01-FLEX
2 micro USB cables
Additional 12v DC Power supply(if required)
Audio software such as Audacity, Python, MATLAB, or others
Associated parts: All PSOC™ 6 MCU parts

Supported toolchains (make variable 'TOOLCHAIN')

GNU Arm® Embedded Compiler v11.3.1 (GCC_ARM) – Default value of TOOLCHAIN
Arm® Compiler v6.22 (ARM)
IAR C/C++ Compiler v9.50.2 (IAR)

Supported kits (make variable 'TARGET')

PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit (CY8CEVAL-062S2) – Default value of TARGET
PSOC™ 62S2 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® Pioneer Kit (CY8CKIT-062S2-43012)

Features

USB Audio Class 2.0 compliant, supporting 4-channel microphone data at 48 kHz and 24-bit resolution
Compatible with Audacity and WASAPI for multi-channel recording
Efficient use of DMA to offload CPU, enabling real-time algorithms on PSOC™ 6
Modular firmware structure for easy extension and integration

Hardware setup

XENSIV™ Audioshield with PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit

The XENSIV™ PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit enables you to evaluate and develop your applications using the PSOC™ 62 series MCU (hereafter called “PSOC™ 6 MCU”) and connectivity modules based on AIROC™ Wi-Fi & Bluetooth® combos.

PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit (CY8CEVAL-062S2)

Figure 1. PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit
XENSIV™ Audio Shield

Figure 2. Audio Shield
XENSIV™ Audio Shield + PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit

Figure 3. Audio Shield + PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit

Set up the kit:

Connect 4 XENSIV MEMS microphones to XENSIV™ Audio Shield
Ensure that Audioshield is mounted on the top of the CY8CEVAL-062S2 kit through the pin headers
Connect the PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit to your PC using two micro USB cables to power the MCU and shield:
- Connect the first cable to the "MCU USB" port
- Connect the second cable to the KitProg USB port
Press the XRES reset pin

XENSIV™ Audio Shield with PSOC™ 62S2 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® Pioneer Kit (CY8CKIT-062S2-43012)

The XENSIV™ PSOC™ 62S2 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® Pioneer Kit (CY8CEVAL-062S2-43012) enables you to evaluate and develop your applications using the PSOC™ 6 MCU and CYW43012 WICED Wi-Fi/Bluetooth® combo device

PSOC™ 62S2 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® Pioneer Kit CY8CEVAL-062S2-43012(https://github.com/Infineon/TARGET_CY8CKIT-062S2-43012)

Figure 4. Evaluation Kit PSOC™ 62S2 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® Pioneer Kit
XENSIV™ Audio Shield

Figure 5. Audio Shield
XENSIV™ Audio Shield + PSOC™ 62S2 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® Pioneer Kit

Figure 6. Audio Shield + PSOC™ 62S2 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® Pioneer Kit

Set up the kit:

Connect 4 XENSIV™ MEMS microphones to XENSIV™ Audio Shield
Ensure that Audio Shield is mounted on the top of the CY8CEVAL-062S2-43012 kit through the pin headers
Connect the PSOC™ 62S2 Evaluation Kit(CY8CEVAL-062S2-43012) to your PC using two micro USB cables to power the MCU and shield:
- Connect the first cable to the "MCU USB" port
- Connect the second cable to the KitProg USB port
Press the XRES reset pin

Note:

When connecting the Audio Shield to the evaluation kit, follow this connection sequence to prevent power issues:
a. Connect the MCU USB (or Device USB) and then connect the KitProg USB
b. Press the XRES button to reset the board and ensure the power LED is on

At times it was also seen that the power supplied from the USB port is not sufficient to power both evaluation board and shield.In that case please use the additional DC Power supply as follows
a. First connect the evaluation kit using the kitprog USB and program the kit (once programmed please remove the kitprog USB).
b. Then, connect the DC power supply to the J5 jack on the evaluation board.
c. Connect the USB cable to the "MCU USB" port.

The PSOC™ 6 Bluetooth® LE Pioneer Kit (CY8CKIT-062-BLE) and the PSOC™ 6 Wi-Fi Bluetooth® Pioneer Kit (CY8CKIT-062-WIFI-BT) ship with KitProg2 installed. ModusToolbox™ requires KitProg3. Before using this code example, make sure that the board is upgraded to KitProg3. The tool and instructions are available in the Firmware Loader GitHub repository. If you do not upgrade, you will see an error like "unable to find CMSIS-DAP device" or "KitProg firmware is out of date"

Software setup

See the ModusToolbox™ tools package installation guide for information about installing and configuring the tools package.

Install a free software for recording audio through USB. For instance, this CE uses Audicity and follows the High-quality audio recording in Windows with Audiohub Nano document.

This example requires no additional software or tools.

Using the code example

Create the project

The ModusToolbox™ tools package provides the Project Creator as both a GUI tool and a command line tool.

Use Project Creator GUI

Open the Project Creator GUI tool

There are several ways to do this, including launching it from the dashboard or from inside the Eclipse IDE. For more details, see the Project Creator user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ install directory}/tools_{version}/project-creator/docs/project-creator.pdf)
On the Choose Board Support Package (BSP) page, select a kit supported by this code example. See Supported kits

Note: To use this code example for a kit not listed here, you may need to update the source files. If the kit does not have the required resources, the application may not work
On the Select Application page:

a. Select the Applications(s) Root Path and the Target IDE

Note: Depending on how you open the Project Creator tool, these fields may be pre-selected for you

b. Select this code example from the list by enabling its check box

Note: You can narrow the list of displayed examples by typing in the filter box

c. (Optional) Change the suggested New Application Name and New BSP Name

d. Click Create to complete the application creation process

Use Project Creator CLI

The 'project-creator-cli' tool can be used to create applications from a CLI terminal or from within batch files or shell scripts. This tool is available in the {ModusToolbox™ install directory}/tools_{version}/project-creator/ directory.

Use a CLI terminal to invoke the 'project-creator-cli' tool. On Windows, use the command-line 'modus-shell' program provided in the ModusToolbox™ installation instead of a standard Windows command-line application. This shell provides access to all ModusToolbox™ tools. You can access it by typing "modus-shell" in the search box in the Windows menu. In Linux and macOS, you can use any terminal application.

The following example clones the "Audioshield 4-Channel Mic" application with the desired name "4ChannelMic " configured for the CY8CEVAL-062S2 BSP into the specified working directory, C:/mtb_projects:

project-creator-cli --board-id CY8CEVAL-062S2 --app-id mtb-example-ce241889-mtb-example-ce241889-xensiv-audioshield -four-channel-microphone--user-app-name "4ChannelMic--target-dir "C:/mtb_projects"

The 'project-creator-cli' tool has the following arguments:

Argument	Description	Required/optional
`--board-id`	Defined in the field of the BSP manifest	Required
`--app-id`	Defined in the field of the CE manifest	Required
`--target-dir`	Specify the directory in which the application is to be created if you prefer not to use the default current working directory	Optional
`--user-app-name`	Specify the name of the application if you prefer to have a name other than the example's default name	Optional

Note: The project-creator-cli tool uses the git clone and make getlibs commands to fetch the repository and import the required libraries. For details, see the "Project creator tools" section of the ModusToolbox™ tools package user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ install directory}/docs_{version}/mtb_user_guide.pdf).

Open the project

After the project has been created, you can open it in your preferred development environment.

Eclipse IDE

If you opened the Project Creator tool from the included Eclipse IDE, the project will open in Eclipse automatically.

For more details, see the Eclipse IDE for ModusToolbox™ user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ install directory}/docs_{version}/mt_ide_user_guide.pdf).

Visual Studio (VS) Code

Launch VS Code manually, and then open the generated {project-name}.code-workspace file located in the project directory.

For more details, see the Visual Studio Code for ModusToolbox™ user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ install directory}/docs_{version}/mt_vscode_user_guide.pdf).

Arm® Keil® µVision®

Double-click the generated {project-name}.cprj file to launch the Keil® µVision® IDE.

For more details, see the Arm® Keil® µVision® for ModusToolbox™ user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ install directory}/docs_{version}/mt_uvision_user_guide.pdf).

IAR Embedded Workbench

Open IAR Embedded Workbench manually, and create a new project. Then select the generated {project-name}.ipcf file located in the project directory.

For more details, see the IAR Embedded Workbench for ModusToolbox™ user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ install directory}/docs_{version}/mt_iar_user_guide.pdf).

Command line

If you prefer to use the CLI, open the appropriate terminal, and navigate to the project directory. On Windows, use the command-line 'modus-shell' program; on Linux and macOS, you can use any terminal application. From there, you can run various make commands.

For more details, see the ModusToolbox™ tools package user guide (locally available at {ModusToolbox™ install directory}/docs_{version}/mtb_user_guide.pdf).

Operation

XENSIV™ Audio Shield 4-channel Microphones

Open the Makefile
Select the microphone type (digital or analog) and enable the headphone:
- DEFINES+=DIGITAL_BOARD for 4 digital microphones
- DEFINES+=ANALOG_BOARD for 4 analog microphones
- DEFINES+=ENABLE_HEADPHONES to enable headphone output
Save the file and close
Program the board using one of the following:
Using Eclipse IDE
1. Select the application project in the Project Explorer
2. In the Quick Panel, scroll down, and click <Application Name> Program (KitProg3_MiniProg4)
In other IDEs

Follow the instructions in your preferred IDE
Using CLI

From the terminal, execute the make program command to build and program the application using the default toolchain to the default target. The default toolchain is specified in the application's Makefile but you can override this value manually:
```
make program TARGET=<BSP> TOOLCHAIN=<toolchain>
```
Example:
```
make program TARGET=CY8CEVAL-062S2 TOOLCHAIN=GCC_ARM
```
Open any free Audio recorder or editor. For instance you can either use any pythonscripts or free software such as Audacity.For intance for testing of this we have used Audacity,please follow the documentation to get more insights on how to use the software High-quality audio recording in Windows with Audiohub Nano document

Note:
a. For testing we have used Audacity 3.7.5
b. Kindly note the actual device name will be different to what has been shown in the application note.If the sield is used in audicity it will be shown as XENSIV Audioshield

Figure 7. Audacity

To achieve low latency and high sample frequencies in Audacity, it is recommended to use drivers such as WASAPI or ASIO. When selecting WASAPI, be sure to set up all four available channels to optimize your audio setup and take full advantage of the driver's capabilities.

Design and implementation

Details

This project is organized into modular components:

periph_i2s.c: Configures and manages I2S peripherals and DMA for audio data transfer
usb_audio.c: Implements the USB audio endpoints and streaming logic
audioShield.c: Initializes the Audio Shield via I2C and supports additional hardware features
rtos: Coordinates real-time tasks and event handling
usb_comm.c: Handles general USB requests and device enumeration
main.c: Initializes the board, creates RTOS tasks, and starts the scheduler
Makefile: Selects voltage and codec settings for digital or analog microphones

For further details, see the Audio Shield User Guide and mtb_code_examples/doc/dataflow_draft.pptx.

USB audio flow

Microphones are connected via TDM bus to PSOC™ 6
TDM is handled via PSOC I2S RX peripheral and triggers DMA to copy data from the I2S RX FIFO into the software buffer
If no active USB audio recording is running, the mic data is forwarded to headphones via the I2S TX peripheral (TDM mode, 2 out of 8 channel slots)
I2S RX and TX share the same clock
If USB recording is active, a basic synchronization mechanism avoids I2S RX buffer under- or overflow
During each USB transfer (every 1 ms, 4 channels × 24 bit × 48 samples/ms), the I2S RX FIFO level is monitored
If the FIFO level increases or decreases beyond a threshold, the DMA transfer and USB package size are adapted accordingly
This is USB Audio 2 compliant; the host can handle different package sizes
Headphone audio data frame is processed within ISR to merge both left microphones into one left channel and both right microphones into one right headphone output channel
See comments in periph_i2s.c for an overview of interleaved audio data alignment
For further processing, it is recommended to reduce the ISR load and move data processing into a dedicated RTOS task

System Overview

graph TD
    A[Microphone Array] --> B[I2S RX Peripheral]
    B --> C[DMA Controller]
    C --> D[Software Buffer]
    D --> E[USB Audio Streaming]
    E --> F[Host PC]
    D --> G[Headphone Output via I2S TX]

USB audio data flow

sequenceDiagram
    participant Mic as Microphones
    participant I2S as I2S RX
    participant DMA as DMA
    participant Buffer as SW Buffer
    participant USB as USB Audio
    participant PC as Host PC

    Mic->>I2S: TDM Data
    I2S->>DMA: RX FIFO Data
    DMA->>Buffer: Transfer Data
    Buffer->>USB: Prepare USB Packet
    USB->>PC: Send Audio Data

Synchronization and package size adaptation

flowchart TD
    A[Monitor I2S RX FIFO Level] --> B{Threshold Exceeded?}
    B -- Yes --> C[Adjust DMA Transfer Size]
    C --> D[Update USB Packet Size]
    B -- No --> E[Continue Normal Operation]

Related resources

Resources	Links
Application notes	AN228571 – Getting started with PSOC™ 6 MCU on ModusToolbox™ AN215656 – PSOC™ 6 MCU dual-core system design AN091404 – High-quality audio recording in Windows with
Audiohub Nano	UG095149
Code examples	Using ModusToolbox™ on GitHub
Device documentation	PSOC™ 6 MCU datasheets PSOC™ 6 technical reference manuals
Development kits	Select your kits from the Evaluation board finder.
Libraries on GitHub	mtb-pdl-cat1 – PSOC™ 6 Peripheral Driver Library (PDL) mtb-hal-cat1 – Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) library retarget-io – Utility library to retarget STDIO messages to a UART port
Middleware on GitHub	psoc6-middleware – Links to all PSOC™ 6 MCU middleware
Tools	ModusToolbox™ – ModusToolbox™ software is a collection of easy-to-use libraries and tools enabling rapid development with Infineon MCUs for applications ranging from wireless and cloud-connected systems, edge AI/ML, embedded sense and control, to wired USB connectivity using PSOC™ Industrial/IoT MCUs, AIROC™ Wi-Fi and Bluetooth® connectivity devices, XMC™ Industrial MCUs, and EZ-USB™/EZ-PD™ wired connectivity controllers. ModusToolbox™ incorporates a comprehensive set of BSPs, HAL, libraries, configuration tools, and provides support for industry-standard IDEs to fast-track your embedded application development

Other resources

Infineon provides a wealth of data at www.infineon.com to help you select the right device, and quickly and effectively integrate it into your design.

For more information about connected sensor kits, see IoT sensor platform.

Document history

Document title: CE241889 – PSOC™ 6 MCU: XENSIV™ Audio Shield four-channel microphone

Version	Description of change
1.0.0	New code example

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